Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands).ĭirective 2004/83/EC - Minimum standards relating to the conditions for granting refugee status or subsidiary protection status - Article 10(1)(d) - Membership of a particular social group - Sexual orientation - Reason for persecution - Article 9(1) - Concept of ‘persecution’ - Well-founded fear of being persecuted on account of membership of a particular social group - Acts sufficiently serious to justify such a fear - Legislation criminalising homosexual acts - Article 4 - Individual assessment of the facts and circumstances. Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X and Y and Z v Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), 7 November 2013.

Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), 7 November 2013.#Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X and Y and Z v Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands).#Directive 2004/83/EC - Minimum standards relating to the conditions for granting refugee status or subsidiary protection status - Article 10(1)(d) - Membership of a particular social group - Sexual orientation - Reason for persecution - Article 9(1) - Concept of ‘persecution’ - Well-founded fear of being persecuted on account of membership of a particular social group - Acts sufficiently serious to justify such a fear - Legislation criminalising homosexual acts - Article 4 - Individual assessment of the facts and circumstances.#Joined Cases C‑199/12 to C‑201/12.

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